The ECONDIS module focuses on the integration of European economies, as well as the current discontents with this integration process and the challenges posed by disintegration. It studies the economic rationale for integration and addresses the populist upheavals in several EU member states, as best exemplified with the British vote in favour of leaving the EU. These, in combination with several recent and current crises, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the current migration crisis, contest European integration.