Regulating disinformation with artificial intelligence Effects of disinformation initiatives on freedom of expression and media pluralism

This study examines the consequences of the increasingly prevalent use of artificial intelligence (AI) disinformation initiatives upon freedom of expression, pluralism and the functioning of a democratic polity. It considers the trade-offs in using automated technology to limit the spread of disinformation online and presents options (from self-regulatory to legislative) to regulate automated content recognition (ACR) technologies in this context. Special attention is paid to the opportunities for the European Union as a whole to take the lead in setting the framework for designing these technologies in a way that enhances accountability and transparency and respects free speech.